Friday 8-9a.m. and 10:30 a.m. to 3p.m. The Army TDS and Air Force ADC are branch-specific organizations whose purpose is to provide attorneys to U.S. Other individuals in unique circumstances may be eligible if they have a valid military identification card. The 76th Commodity Maintenance Groups new foundry can sand cast aluminum parts up to 120 pounds, providing another avenue for sourcing aircraft parts not easily obtained through traditional contracting methods. The Air Force has multiple methods of correcting behavior and pushing personnel to be the best they can be but, as humans, slip ups still occur. Sgt. Air Force JAG Corps Online Application System, AFJAG Military Spouse Hiring Program Information Sheet Victims Counsels are experienced, independent judge advocates who provide confidential legal advice to victims of sexual assault. United States Supreme Court When an Airman is facing discipline, one of the biggest concerns is the uncertainty of the situation. Thaddeus Gravely, senior enlisted leader for the 37th Training Group, almost always smiles Beginning June 8-9, Basic Military Training graduation events will expand to two days and include the return of the traditional military parade at the Gateway Wing parade grounds She grew up in a small town 45 minutes west of St. Louis. In an event aimed at promoting a healthy and active lifestyle, more than 450 Security Forces technical training students had the opportunity to break bread with renowned celebrity chef, Robert Irvine, and his team, here, June 14 and 15 A street at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland was renamed May 5, 2023, to honor U.S. Air Force Capt. Despite the Air Force's strong ethics and strict set of rules, Airmen arent immune to making mistakes. Eileen Echaluse, a Master Military Training Instructor at the 331st Training Squadron at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Enlisted Professional Military Education at the Inter-American Air Forces Academy at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland reached a new level this past training cycle with the addition of the International Senior Non-Commissioned Officer course The 326th Training Squadron at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland celebrated the U.S. Space Forces 2nd birthday with a cake-cutting ceremony at Arnold Hall, Dec. 20 Celebrity Chef Robert Irvine inspires Airmen with healthy dinner, cooking demo, JBSA-Lackland street renamed to honor Air Force nurse, U.S., partner nation students graduate during IAAFA training cycle, IAAFA implements Women, Peace, and Security into curriculum, 37th TRW takes over aerospace physiology training program, JBSA-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office closed Sept. 2-5, Automating repetitive tasks saves hours of work, What 'Chief' means to an Air Force leader after 30 years of service, BMT expands graduation events, returns to parade grounds, Do you see me? EFFECTIVE DATES OF PROMOTION We take the time to explain the processes for each type of subject. All Article 15 clients are required to have an appointment,no matter their status. Civilian Personnel Office can be reached by their main phone number at (210) 671-4118. All rights reserved. 881. Make a Payment Free Consultations: Free Consultations: (888) 991-7801. . Your browser is incompatible with this widget. Military Spouse Employment Information Form, Office of Disability Counsel (Brochure) Copyright 2023 Police1. 12. Select the option or tab named Internet Options (Internet Explorer), Options (Firefox), Preferences (Safari) or Settings (Chrome). Being able to see things from each of those sides has great value and each contributes to the other, he said. Originally a part of Kelly Field, Lackland Field Air Force Base is the only entry processing station for Air Force enlisted Basic Military Training and is the largest Air Force base in the United States. When Service members find themselves in legal trouble, the U.S. Air Force Area Defense Counsel and the U.S. Army Trial Defense Service steps in to represent Airmen and Soldiers vigorously within the bounds of professional ethics. Closed Arnold Fort Campbell Fort Knox Redstone Arsenal New London Fort Meade Forest Glen Bolling. Brig. The Office of the Area Defense Counsel (ADC) is comprised of carefully selected attorneys and paralegals whose sole focus is to advise and advocate for individual Airmen through military justice and administrative processes. All rights reserved. Delayed Opening Newport - 12:00 Dover- 12:00 Quantico- 12:00 Customer ServiceHours: Monday-Thursday 8a.m. to3p.m. The Air Force, like other Services, operates in an increasingly legalistic environment, which demands nothing less than the very best legal capability it can field. ASSIGNMENTS Lost her mom at the age of 13 to a drunk driver. Civilian Personnel Office. We enable commanders to uphold good order and discipline through the efficient and equitable administration of military justice, ranging from administrative actions to general courts-martial. Please call your local legal office to schedule an appointment with our VWAP coordinator. Facilities within the boundaries of Lackland Air Force Base include lodging, dining and entertainment, sports and fitness, educational, recreation areas, and a major hospital. Dix- (609) 562-6601. The Air Force JAG Corps supplies that demand with its talented and highly trained group of legal professionals. Raised her younger sister. Lackland is the only location for the Air Force enlisted Basic Military training, which falls under the 37th Training Wing. U.S. service members integrated with Japan Self-Defense Forces, French air and space forces and other allies and partners to enhance Agile Combat Employment capabilities from dispersed locations during Northern Edge 23-2, July 2-21. . A lock . Brown is the Lead Special Trial Counsel, Office of Special Trial Counsel, Department of the Air Force, Arlington, Virginia. The DAF's Office of Special Trial Counsel operates independently of the military chains of command of both the victims of alleged covered offenses and those accused of covered offenses. Brig. The Legal Office processes claims both for and against the Air Force arising out of incidents occurring at Joint Base San Antonio locations. In addition to the State of Texas bar rules, I operate under the Air Force JAG ethics and professional responsibility rules. Major April 01, 2006 Lieutenant Colonel November 01, 2011 Colonel December 01, 2016 Brigadier General February 01, 2023 Engage On Facebook Posts Brigadier General CHRISTOPHER A. I cant be ordered to disclose anything that happens in this office. Eligibility: Active duty, family member, retired September 2004September 2005, Chief, General Claims, 37th Training Wing, Lackland AFB, Texas (May 2005August 2005, Deployed Chief of Intelligence Law, Joint Task Force GTMO, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba) As member of the JAG Corps, Blyth has had the opportunity to work in multiple different sections of the military justice system. JBSA-Lackland AFB, TX, United States 78236-0000. We dont want to lose good Airmen who can continue to help the Air Force if we dont have to, so were trying to find the best outcome that can help our client keep pressing forward with their careers.. [email protected], 210-652-6781 or DSN 487-6781 Throughout the base property, dozens of static aircraft displays are showcased for visitors. Appointments can be made by calling the Front Desk at 210-652-6781. 1997447th Missile Squadron Company Grade Officer of the Year If you are unsure, there is nothing wrong with saying you want to talk to a lawyer. The Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office will be closed Sept. 2-5 and resume normal operations at 8 a.m. Sept. 6. JBSA legal offices are closed on all AETC Family Days and federal holidays. Look for a box or option labeled Home Page (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) or On Startup (Chrome). McGuire- (609) 754-3938. SHARP/SAPR, An official website of the United States government, Area, trial defense counsels save U.S. Service members careers, The U.S. Army Trial Defense Service and the U.S. Air Force Area Defense Counsel defend those who defend America with Honor, Valor and Wisdom at Joint Base Langley-Eustis. Its gratifying to see fair justice be served to some of our Airmen that are innocent.. Phone: 210-295-1040 The VWAP Program provides guidance for the treatment of victims and witnesses of crime under the UCMJ. We dont tell people what to do, we give advice, Blyth said. A .mil website belongs to an official U.S. Department of Defense organization in the United States. July 2013July 2016, Staff Judge Advocate, 6th Air Mobility Wing, MacDill AFB, Fla. 2011 Air War College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., by correspondence Additional Information. DSN: 731-3260. They can answer questions and assist while the command is still investigating before any action is taken. Trainees: Walk-in service anytimeduring open hours, 210-671-3362 or DSN 312-473-3362 . Air Force Achievement Medal The Defense Language Institute English Language Center at JBSA Lackland has a mission to provide effective English language training and maximize resources to enable US and International students to communicate proficiently in support of . Legal Assistance Locator, Official Web Site of the U.S. Air Force Unit3760 APO AE 09126-3760. The Judge Advocate provides on-time and on-target legal services to individuals and organizations in the areas of military justice, adverse administrative actions and ethics, civil, operations, environmental, labor and contract law. JBSA-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office closed Sept. 2-5 August 31, 2022 The Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office will be closed Sept. 2-5 and resume normal operations at 8 a.m. Sept. 6. . This Lackland AFB directory features the critical info youll need to navigate through the many facilities and recreational opportunities available on base. Calling from Germany: Comm: 06565-61-1110. An official website of the United States government, The Premier Installation In The Department Of Defense. This may be called Tools or use an icon like the cog. The ADC office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base provides legal assistance and representation to active-duty and Reserve Airmen and Guardians and National Guardsmen in . 1 Washington Circle, building 100 BEAST BLOTTER APRIL 2023 [email protected] NEWS | Aug. 31, 2022 JBSA-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office closed Sept. 2-5 502nd Air Base Wing Public Affairs JOINT BASE SAN ANTONIO-LACKLAND, Texas - The Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office will be closed Sept. 2-5 and resume normal operations at 8 a.m. Sept. 6. I love the job because I think the function is really important. 15889. They shouldnt hesitate to reach out. 15. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, the Program ensures that victims and witnesses receive the information and assistance they deserve. Then we go over multiple different scenarios on how to properly respond or go about the case, Enriquez said. Matthew Blyth, a defense attorney with the Air Force Legal Operations Agency/ADC. Closed between noon and1 p.m. 3. Type: The ADC is a full-spectrum resource, implemented in 1974, to help Airmen through the lowest level paperwork, such as a letter of counseling or a letter of reprimand, up to the most serious court martial cases. The award, established by the Air Force Association in honor of former Secretary of the Air Force Verne Orr, recognizes an Air Force unit that makes the most effective use of its human resources There are more trainees attending Air Force Basic Military Training than residents living in the small city of Garapan, Saipan, the hometown of Tech. September 2005August 2007, Area Defense Counsel, Air Force Legal Service Agency, Lackland AFB, Texas Kyle Payne Assistant Staff Judge Advocate at United States Air Force San Antonio, Texas, United States 3 followers 3 connections Join to view profile United States Air Force Notre Dame Law School. 7. As leaders, it is . Office of Disability Counsel (Facebook) Gen. Brown graduated Army Basic Training in 1985 and served in the Army National Guard as an enlisted Army Military Policeman while attending law school. interacts online and researches product purchases Please do not post anything to or message this page. 2008 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Ala. Nothing will ever get worse by coming through this door, we can only help you, Blyth said. -Lackland, TX 782365508. and a former number one rated Senior Defense Counsel in the Air Force, each of whom bring unique insights to defending . April 1986September 1991, Massachusetts Army National Guard (December 1991May 1992 served on active duty in Southwest Asia during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm) Every month is womens history month, because womens history is American history. Thats how Col. Joyce Storm, 37th Training Group commander, responded when asked what womanhood meant to her Staff Sgt. Provide the Air Force, commanders, and Airmen with professional, full-spectrum legal support, at the speed of relevance, for mission success in joint and coalition operations, Disciplined and legally-enabled Airmen and Air Force organizations employing the law to advance the mission, 76th CMXG starts sand casting aluminum parts, Around the Air Force: Restored Funding for Bonuses/PCS, Federal Protections for Military Families, AFWERX Fall Fellowship, General Allvin nominated to be next Air Force Chief of Staff, CSAF, Tuskegee Airmen recognize 75 years of trailblazing, Air Force JAG Corps Recruiting Air Force 2450 Dragon Valley Road, building 133 1300 Medina Blvd Marines/Navy Secure .mil websites use HTTPS. 10. This week's photos feature Airmen from around the globe involved in activities supporting expeditionary operations and defending America. However, the majority of Lackland AFB is devoted to military training, specifically with producing trained Air Force members. C in room 302 or call 402-294-3939. Although there are usually positive results when working with the ADC, "winning" cases depends on the cases circumstances. It's the most comprehensive and trusted online destination for law enforcement agencies and police departments worldwide. and manufacturers. If we cant, we can point you to someone who might be able to. DSN: 314-452-1110. . 633rd Air Base Wing Public Affairs, Ask the Commander Lackland AFB is part of Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA) located in San Antonio, Texas. JBSA-Randolph: BY APPOINTMENT ONLY Household Goods Issues: The Legal Office provides legal advice on a full range of disciplinary matters to the wing commander, as well as to subordinate units and partner commands under the worldwide mission. Area Defense Counsel 671-2924 NCO Academy 671-3292 Base Exchange 674-6465 Outdoor Recreation 925-5531 BMT Reception Center 671-2593 Pass and Registration 671-3030 Casualty Assistance 671-3243/3722 Pharmacy 292-7000 Chaplain Public Affairs 37 TRW 671-2911 24 Air Force 977-5892/5796 59 MDW 292-7373 37 TRW 671-2128/3136 . Other branches of the military have parallels to the service. To qualify for Legal Assistance you must have a valid military identification card and fall into one of the following categories: Active Duty Military Members and their dependents, Reserve and Guard Members who are on active duty and their dependents. Brown is the Lead Special Trial Counsel, Office of Special Trial Counsel, Department of the Air Force, Arlington, Virginia. ADCs only serve active duty, Guard or Reserve Airmen. Air Force: 210-671-4748 | JBSA-Fort Sam Houston: Notary and Power of Attorney Services: By appointment or walk in, Individuals Under Investigation or Subject to Adverse Action, Military Defense Counsel provides individual service members independent legal representation. Were allies. 1989 Cum Laude, Bachelor of Arts, History, Bridgewater State College, Mass. 1255 Vandenberg Blvd Suite 201 . DSN: 314-452-1110. Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States . (U.S. Air Force graphic by Airman 1st Class Devin Scott Michaels/Released), U.S. Army Center for Initial Military Training, 7th Transportation Brigade (Expeditionary), Fort Eustis Civilian Personnel Advisory Center (CPAC), The Army Distributed Learning Program (TADLP), Sexual Assault Prevention & Response Program, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Personnel not stationed at a Navy Command can contact (619) 556-7539. That little bit of support can be a difference maker for people.. Department of the Air Force - Lackland AFB, Texas. August 2017July 2019, Chief, Military Justice Division, Air Force Legal Operations Agency, JB Andrews, Md. Thats part of the individualized service, Blyth said. Air Force Worldwide Personnel Locator Note: married couples will need to complete their own individual worksheets. (U.S. Air Force photo by: Airman 1st Class Shelby Pruitt), Capt. Brig. Wills and Legal Assistance services are by appointment only (Call the Front Desk for details) Trial Defense Services: 210-295-9742 The Legal Assistance Program offers counseling for personal civil matters. 13. In this capacity, he oversees the departments legal representation in the investigation and trial-level litigation of covered offenses, pursuant to the Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. The Joint Base has a total population of approximately 295,000 people not including the approximate 138,000 students trained at the facility. To make an appointment, call 210-652-2274. Lackland Multimedia Center Bldg 5747 Selfridge Admin Ctr Shoppette/Gas Station and Popeye's Chicken Permanent Party Dorms H Erwin Training Complex . Please note you must have a military ID card to be eligible. Ryan Jette, a Unit Training Manager with the 343rd Training Squadron, created an automation for training records that saved 79 man-hours in the 37th Training Group alone Chief Master Sgt. Air Force Publications 2922 Stanley Road, building 134 and 1-4 p.m. The ADC is a full-spectrum resource, implemented in 1974, to help Airmen through the lowest level paperwork, such as a letter of counseling or a letter of reprimand, up to the most serious court martial cases. Leave avoicemail if your call is not answered, and your call will be returned at theearliest convenience. The phone number is 782-4848. No FEAR Act Call for a free consultation. The ADC is there to work with you and make sure the decision you do make is the best for you. Members of the Dorm Council pose during the opening of the new day room June 2, 2023, at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. He commissioned into the Air Force through Officer Training School in 1995 and served five years as a Security Police Officer prior to completing an intra-service transfer to the JAG Corps. With the ADCs expertise, the fear of whats going to happen can be greatly diminished. "If someone . July 2019July 2021, Commandant, Air Force Judge Advocate Generals School, Maxwell AFB, Ala. Jan. 28 - April 15 *JBSA Area Defense Council (ADC) holiday closure update* The JBSA-Lackland ADC office will be closed the following upcoming days: -Thursday & Friday, 23-24 Dec 2021 -Friday, 31 Dec 2021 -Monday, 3. Quick Links. JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234 For POAs, go to https://aflegalassistance.law.af.mil to draft a POA worksheet. COMM: 49-065-65616607. Joint Service Commendation Medal 1996Honor Graduate Security Police Officer, Air Base Ground Defense School Specifically, the 37th Training Group, headquartered at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, will be executing the technical training mission The Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Area Defense Counsel office will be closed Sept. 2-5 and resume normal operations at 8 a.m. Sept. 6. Air Force Meritorious Service Medal with silver and oak leaf cluster Legion of Merit with oak leaf cluster 17. 16. I was a better special victims counsel because I had been a prosecutor, Im a better defense council because Ive been the other two. During his second year of law school, he was activated for operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Brig. Gen. Brown has deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba in support of Detainee Operations, and to Qatar in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Police1 is revolutionizing the way the law enforcement community November 1985April 1986, Basic Military Training/Advanced Infantry Training, Fort McClellan, Ala. The appearance of hyperlinks does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Defense of non-U.S. Government sites or the information, products, or services contained therein. 2005 Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell AFB, Ala., by correspondence BROWN Brig. 4. Year-round tax assistance is available by appointment. Service members facing adverse administrative actions or who are suspected of committing an offense under the Uniform Code of Military Justice can receive, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston ADC, (210) 221-9679, Soldier Legal Services for non-criminal adverse actions 210-221-2282, Marine and Navy members stationed at a Navy Command can contact MCRD: (858) 577-1838 or (858) 577-1720. All rights reserved. Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Lackland AFB has a total population of approximately 46,580 with more than 24,700 of those being active-duty service members. chief master sergeants and supervisors from our wing to visit the Basic Military Training wing at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. The base is popular among visitors due to its close proximity to downtown San Antonio, the Riverwalk and the Alamo. Retired military members and their dependents. Base Personnel. Contact the Air Force Claims Service Center at 1-877-754-1212, or visit the Air Force Claims Service site, Call 210-221-2161 or visit the Army legal claims site, Call 1-888-897-8217 or visit the Navy legal claims site, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. JBSA-Lackland, Texas 78236 OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS In addition to the uncertainty, ADC personnel sense a trend that Airmen are hesitant to seek their services in fear of repercussions from their chain of command. 960th CW/PA The Area Defense Counsel office here is located in Building 301, across the street from the hospital. 1701 Kenly Ave., building 134 Return to Base Directory. Do Not Sell My Personal Information, If you need further help setting your homepage, check your browsers Help menu, Open the tools menu in your browser. JBSA-Fort Sam Houston ADC: 210-221-9679 1997Security Forces Company Grade Officer of the Year In this weeks look around the Air Force, funding for PCS moves and bonus programs is restored, the DoJ reinforces new Federal protections for military members and their spouses, and a cutting-edge effort from the Air Force is taking applications for a fellowship program. REAL ID Act The Judge Advocate provides preventive law and legal assistance. Air Reserve Component JAG Corps Recruiting, Air Force JAG Corps Recruiting Facebook, Air Force JAG Corps Online Application System, AFJAG Military Spouse Hiring Program Information Sheet, Military Spouse Employment Information Form, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, Air Force Claim Service Center Electronic Claims Filing System, Air Force Sexual Assault Prevention and Response, Department of Defense Sexual Assault Prevention and Response, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. February 2023present, Lead Special Trial Counsel, Office of Special Trial Counsel, the Pentagon, Arlington, Va. In addition to the expertise the defense counsel at the ADC possess, their training and experience are credited for their success. Marine and Navy members can contact Naval Air Station (NAS) Corpus Christie (361) 961-3659 or (361) 961-3765 for non-criminal adverse actions. Welcome Centers. Service members needingassistance during thistime can send an email to [email protected] and/or call 210-671-2924,which will be forwarded to an on-call paralegal. which are referred to the appropriate counsel at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio," said Bare. 501-987-3260. Pursuant to the United States Constitution and Uniform Code right to counsel free of charge. DSN: 314-452-6607. Air Force Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters (Exception: will assist with child care provider income and rental property income (two or fewer) per return.). Blyth wants to express how important it is for Airmen to know what the ADC is and for them to feel comfortable asking for help. Civilian Personnel Office is located at 1720 Patrick, Bldg 5311, Lackland AFB, TX 78236. The usual JBSA-Lackland ADC hours of operation are: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,Friday: BMT/Technical School trainee walk-ins, 8-11 a.m. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday:Permanent party byappointment only,1-4 p.m. Thursday: Permanent party by appointment only,9-11 a,m. The 802nd Mission Support Group oversees base operations and supports all units stationed at Lackland, including the 37th Training Wing. . Area Defense Counsel United States Air Force Jul 2018 - Jul 2020 2 years 1 month. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces Department of Defense; Freedom of Information . Copyright 2023 (Current as of March 2023), An official website of the United States government, Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Then, at the age of 18, decided it was time to leave the double-wide home in the country JBSA-Lacklands Company Grade Officer Council invites every lieutenant and captain (O1-O3) to become an active member. July 2008July 2011, Instructor, Deputy Chief, and Chief Military Justice Division, The Air Force Judge Advocate Generals School, Maxwell AFB, Ala. Agency Disclosure Notice The public reporting burden for this collection of information, OMB Control Number 0701-0161, is estimated to average 3 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. FOIA COMM: Little Rock AFB AR 72099. Ive seen a lot of members get discharged or get paperwork, and from doing that, I used to have the assumption that they must be a bad Airman. July 2021January 2023, Staff Judge Advocate, Headquarters Air Combat Command, JB Langley-Eustis, Va. If you have any questions, call the Joint Base Operator at (609) 754-1110. Its very rewarding to help someone take a career-threatening situation and be able to learn lessons and move on to continue to contributing to the Air Force, Blyth said. [email protected], BEAST BLOTTER MARCH 2023 The Air Force JAG Corps supplies that demand with its talented and highly trained group of legal professionals. Were defenders; but thats so much broader than just the courtroom, said Capt. We will send a template for them to create a draft rebuttal and send back to us to review and edit.. The listed DSN line is 312-473-4118. Gen. Christopher A. The CGOC, a private organization operating outside the chain of command, provides opportunities for networking, growth and unique encounters with the mission The 37th Training Wing recognized its top award winners for 2021 at a luncheon at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland Feb. 11 The 502nd Air Base Wing Religious Affairs Installation Ministries Branch is inviting Joint Base San Antonio members to a drive-thru meet and greet with the JBSA-Lackland chapel team from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. Feb. 24 at the Freedom Chapel, building 1528, across from the main Exchange As early as 2015, the Air Force recognized the power of Basic Military Training enhanced integration in creating a climate of dignity and respect Channing Tatum, star and co-director of the upcoming movie Dog, visited Joint Base San Antonio Feb. 9 on a USO tour to promote the movie, visit with military members, as well as learn about the missions of various units The 37th Training Wing at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland has been named as Air Education and Training Commands 2022 recipient of the Verne Orr Award.
University Of Law Location,
Cascades High School Inside Schools,
Who Makes Lion Grills Near Me,
Second Chance Employers Maryland Hiring,
Articles L
